Abstract

Climate change, rapid growth of the global population, and limitations in agricultural resources are major challenges to food security. Ensuring food security on a global scale requires a substantial increase in crop yield. Genetic variability and desired traits exploration through genomic research and breeding techniques offer promising pathways for developing crops adapted to climate variations. This all-encompassing examination delves into the dynamic relationship between climate change and agriculture, underscoring the significance of climate-smart practices to address concerns about food security. The investigation encompasses both conventional and genomic breeding methodologies, incorporating Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS), Omics-Led Breeding (OLB), and Genome Selection (GS), as well as the revolutionary CRISPR/Cas9 system for precise manipulation of genomes. By integrating these ingenious strategies, the foundation is established for cultivating climate-resilient crops that effectively mitigate the adverse impact of climate change on agriculture.