Solanum melongena L. (eggplant) is an important vegetable crop, yet its recalcitrance to in vitro regeneration limits the application of modern breeding techniques. Regeneration success depends largely on the explant source and genotype, which can vary widely among local cultivars. This study evaluated the regeneration responses of root, leaf, and cotyledon explants derived from five local eggplant cultivars (Lokal Bantul, Tanteloh, Sulawesi Telur, Gelatik, and Sulawesi Tomat). Explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 3 mg L⁻¹ 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) for shoot induction, followed by rooting on medium with 1 mg L⁻¹ Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Quantitative traits—including shoot induction frequency, shoot number, shoot height, number of leaves, and leaf size—were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, while qualitative traits were documented visually. Cotyledons showed the highest regeneration efficiency, with significantly greater shoot induction, shoot number, and shoot elongation compared to leaf and root explants. Leaf explants displayed moderate regeneration and produced more leaves, whereas root explants primarily formed callus. Genotype exerted a minor influence, with Lokal Bantul being the most responsive across multiple parameters, while Sulawesi Tomat failed to regenerate from any explant. No significant interaction was detected between genotype and explant type for most traits. Cotyledon explants from highly responsive genotypes, especially Lokal Bantul, are ideal starting materials for efficient in vitro regeneration of local eggplant. These findings provide a strong foundation for establishing high-throughput micropropagation and transformation platforms to accelerate genetic improvement programs in eggplant breeding.

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*Corresponding author: wahyunisrinek@mail.ub.ac.id

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