Abstract

Inherited plant defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic challenges represent a critical area of research with significant implications for agriculture and breeding. The complex interplay of genetic, molecular, and epigenetic factors enhances plant resilience against diverse stressors. By understanding how plants naturally defend against pests, pathogens, and environmental stresses, we can develop innovative strategies to improve crop performance and sustainability. The comparative analysis of defense mechanisms reveals both unique and overlapping strategies, providing valuable insights into plant adaptation. Advances in genomics, molecular biology, and breeding technologies have enabled the development of crops with enhanced stress resistance. Leveraging this knowledge, researchers and breeders can create resilient crop varieties that contribute to sustainable agricultural practices. Continued research into inherited plant defenses is essential for addressing challenges posed by climate change and evolving pest populations. By building on current knowledge and harnessing new technologies, we can develop innovative solutions to enhance plant resilience and support the future of agriculture. This comprehensive review underscores the critical role of understanding inherited plant defenses in advancing agricultural practices and crop improvement strategies.